Formación Docente en IA Generativa: Impacto Ético y Retos en Educación Superior

Contenido principal del artículo

Flavio Eduardo López-Vasco
Mishell Romina Angulo-Álvarez
David Ismael Sosa-Zúñiga

Resumen

La inteligencia artificial generativa (IA-G) está redefiniendo la educación superior, transformando los enfoques de enseñanza y evaluación, por lo que, para su integración, los docentes deben desarrollar habilidades técnicas y criterios pedagógicos que les permitan utilizar estas herramientas con conciencia ética. Este estudio analiza el impacto de un programa de formación en IA-G de 80 horas impartido a 299 docentes de ocho universidades ecuatorianas, con el propósito de fortalecer sus competencias digitales y su disposición hacia estas tecnologías. Mediante un diseño cuasi-experimental con mediciones pretest y postest, los resultados evidenciaron una mejora en el conocimiento técnico sobre IA-G (M = 2.62 a 4.22, t = -30.77, p < 0.0001, d = 0.85) y en la predisposición docente para su aplicación en el aula (M = 3.63 a 4.02, t = -6.38, p < 0.0001, d = 0.52). Sin embargo, la percepción sobre la originalidad de los contenidos generados por IA no mostró cambios relevantes (M = 3.02 a 2.94, t = -0.82, p = 0.41), lo que sugiere incertidumbre sobre su autenticidad académica. Estos resultados destacan la importancia de una capacitación que combine instrucción técnica con metodologías activas, como el aprendizaje basado en proyectos y la evaluación formativa. Asimismo, se recomienda establecer políticas institucionales claras sobre el uso de IA en la educación superior, priorizando la ética y la transparencia en concordancia con los principios de la UNESCO.

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Referencias

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